3D Printing Give Baby Born with Severe Cranial Defect a Future.

Bentley Yoder was never expected to survive. His mother, Sierra Yoder of Sugarcreek, Ohio, was well aware, when she went into labor on Halloween night 2015, that she would likely only get to hold her son for a few minutes before he passed away. She had known since the 22nd week of her pregnancy, when she went in for her normal ultrasound, and the doctor told her that something was very, very wrong. Something was wrong with the baby’s head, he told Sierra and her husband, Dustin, and sent them to a hospital for further tests. Neurosurgeons at the Canton hospital told the couple that their baby had a rare congenital condition called encephalocele, meaning that a portion of his brain was growing outside of his skull. About 375 babies, or one in 10,000, are born with the condition each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and while there are varying degrees of severity, the disease, needless to say, causes serious difficulties for children suffering from it: developmental delays, vision problems, seizures, and more. Bentley’s case fell into the severe category, meaning that he had a very slim chance of surviving long after his birth. Even if he did live, doctors said, he wouldn’t have any cognitive function. The Yoders were encouraged to think about abortion, and they agreed to terminate the pregnancy, not wanting their child to suffer when there was no hope of recovery. The night before the scheduled procedure, however, Sierra realized she couldn’t go through with it. She and Dustin agreed on a name for the baby – Bentley Ross Yoder – and doctors gave them brochures for funeral homes in the area. Nine hours after she went into labor on Halloween night, Bentley was born. His condition was immediately clear from the massive protrusion at the back of his head, but to his parents, he was perfect 36 hours later, however, family members were still holding the baby and passing him around. The doctors, unsure of how much longer Bentley would live, told his parents to take him home and arrange hospice care, which they did. Four weeks later, they took him to a specialist at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus. The specialist took some MRIs and told the Yoders that Bentley’s brain was too damaged for him to survive much longer. Four months later, the couple took Bentley to the Cleveland Clinic. For the first time, a surgeon gave them a sliver of hope – Bentley was using his brain, which had been already clear to Sierra and Dustin. Their baby, who doctors had said was going to be born a “shell,” unlikely to ever move or even breathe, was acting just like a normal baby – indistinguishable from their first son, Beau, other than the protrusion on his head, according to Sierra. The surgeon told them it was possible that Bentley’s brain could be placed inside his skull, though she didn’t know if he could survive the surgery.. The Yoders were referred to Boston Children’s Hospital, where they met with chief plastic surgeon Dr. John Meara and neurosurgeon Dr. Mark Proctor, who had plenty of experience with cranial deformities – and with 3D printing. The two surgeons were part of a team that reshaped the skull of a baby named Violet in 2014, in a surgery that was carefully pre-planned using 3D printed models. Drs. Meara and Proctor took the same approach with Bentley’s case, 3D printing models of his cranium and planning the delicate procedure that would allow his brain to be encased within his skull. According to Dr. Meara, Bentley had 100 cubic centimeters of brain outside of his skull – a significant amount that would require his cranium to be expanded for the tissue to fit inside. Using the 3D printed models, he and Dr. Proctor devised a plan to make several vertical slices in the cranium and insert biocompatible, dissolving plates to hold it open. The protruding part of Bentley’s brain – the portion that controls vision, motor function and problem-solving, would slip inside where it belonged. yoder On May 24, 2016, Bentley went into surgery. The surgeons drained excess cerebrospinal fluid from his brain, made the cuts in his cranium, and gently eased his brain inside. Then they closed the gap using leftover bone from the cuts. Five hours later, Sierra, Dustin and Bentley’s brother Beau went to see him in the recovery room. The delicate mass at the back of his head was gone, and now, a month later, his blond curls are growing back in. He’s also holding his head up, eating, smiling and chattering like any seven-month-old. It’s uncertain what life will be like for him as he grows up, but he will grow up, and the doctors told Sierra that they believe he will have a “rewarding life,” despite any challenges or complications may arise. Using 3D printing to successfully operate on a condition as severe as Bentley’s is a new phenomenon, and therefore lacks precedence to give doctors a clear idea of what lies ahead. Bentley himself has made it clear that he is a survivor, however, and Sierra said that a part of her always knew that Bentley was going to defy expectations. That’s why she decided not to end the pregnancy. Contributed by 3Dprint

Wearable device for racehorses could help prevent fatal injuries.

The world’s top thoroughbreds and jockeys compete across multiple races for a prize pot that this year totals more than £6.5 million. It’s a dangerous sport, however. More than 150 of the UK’s 14,000 or so racehorses are killed each year and thousands more are injured. In the US, around 500 are killed a year. A wearable device that monitors a horse’s physical well-being during a race could help. Major horse-racing events attract animal-rights campaigners. TV presenter and conservationist Anneka Svenska attended this year’s Royal Ascot wearing the largest hat in the event’s history. Streamers of red roses cascaded to the ground to signify horses’ deaths at the races. Many of these deaths are due to over-exertion during a race or fractures that result in a horse being put down. The new device, called the Equimètre and developed by start-up Arioneo in Paris, France, is designed to reduce the number of fatalities and prevent injury as well as help trainers to hone a horse’s performance. The Equimètre’s sensor fits into the girth – a strap around a horse’s middle that keeps the saddle on. This records physiological data such as temperature and heart and respiratory rate – plus information about the animal’s movement such as acceleration and speed. The device also monitors environmental conditions, such as humidity. A trainer can view the data in real time via an app. There are existing smart devices for racehorses that capture this kind of data. But the Equimètre then runs the stats through algorithms that compare them with past performances. “A trainer’s eye is very important and we do not want to replace their expertise,” says Arioneo co-founder Valentin Rapin, “but this tool will give trainers information they don’t have today.” Rather than just showing an increase in heart rate, for example, the device can put this into context and tell the trainer what it means for that particular horse in those particular conditions. “It can prevent overtraining,” says Rapin. Rapin thinks the device will also help catch injuries such as bucked shins, where the tissue covering the shin bone becomes painfully inflamed. Around 70 per cent of young thoroughbred racehorses suffer from the condition and it can lead to more serious problems, such as stress fractures, which often result in a horse being killed. Rapin and his colleagues plan to launch the Equimètre in early 2017. Hervé Moreau, a horse vet based in La Ferté-Saint-Cyr, France, welcomes the device. “The early detection of locomotion problems can only improve diagnosis,” he says. “Similarly, optimizing the training programme will reduce the risk of stress fractures.” Contributed by the New scientist.

Hormone implants bring kangaroos under control.

Contraceptive implants have made the jump from women to kangaroos. The largest real-world trial yet of hormonal implants in kangaroos has successfully brought numbers down in Victoria, removing the need to cull them through shooting. Australia currently has twice as many kangaroos as people. When numbers of wild kangaroos are locally high, the relationship between people and kangaroos can become fraught when the animals collide with cars, contaminate water supplies and damage grasslands. To control numbers, and supply the kangaroo meat industry, the Australian government approves the culling of more than 5 million wild kangaroos a year. But there is increasing opposition to this from animal welfare groups. To see if contraception could be an effective alternative, Michelle Wilson of the University of Melbourne is leading the largest real-world trial yet of hormonal implants in kangaroos. In 2013, Wilson inserted levonorgestrel (Norplant) implants – which are used by women – underneath the shoulder blades of three-quarters of the female kangaroos living in a 200 hectare area of the Western Plains of Victoria in south-eastern Australia. “There were too many kangaroos so there wasn’t enough food and they were starving and emaciated,” says Wilson. “There was also a lot of roadkill surrounding the site and a high prevalence of disease.” A follow-up study, which has not yet been published, has found that of the 75 females that were implanted, only one has become pregnant since, and the reproductive rate of that area’s population is now about a third of what is was in 2012. The strategy has been highly successful, says Phil Pegler of Parks Victoria. “It’s prevented the need for us to go back and do any more shooting.” The contraceptive method isn’t cheap. An implant plus labor, tranquilizer and anesthetic comes to around $A 250 (£130) per animal. Fertility is suppressed for about six years. Nevertheless, contraception is better long-term than shooting, says Wilson. “The problem with culling is that the population bounces back afterwards so then you have to cull again.” A real concern is the potential for side effects, because contraceptive hormonal implants, including Norplant, Implanon and Nexplanon, are known to cause mood changes, loss of sex drive, headaches, and other problems in some women. A study in female macaques found that Implanon was associated with signs of anxiety, such as higher rates of self-scratching. But Wilson says she has not observed any negative effects on health in the current trial, nor in a smaller eight-year study in kangaroos in Anglesea, Victoria. Even if contraception carries some side effects, it is still more humane than other wildlife control methods, Kangaroo contraception is starting to gain momentum elsewhere in Australia, says Wilson. A golf course in New South Wales has also begun using hormonal implants to control the local kangaroo population. Contributed by New scientist.

How Virtual Reality is Changing Veterinary Medicine.

In a small, windowless room, four veterinarians simultaneously tie sutures, biopsy a liver, and perform minimally invasive abdominal surgery. No, this is not a typical operating room. It is a veterinary laparoscopic training laboratory—the first of its kind in the nation. Nearly four years ago, Dr. Boel Fransson, a board-certified small animal surgeon, designed what is now the Veterinary Applied Laparoscopic Training (VALT) laboratory at Washington State University. Although laparoscopic simulation training has been widely used in human medicine for more than a decade, similar training had not been available in animal medicine. A laparoscope is essentially a telescope used by surgeons to see inside body cavities while doing minimally invasive surgery through tiny incisions, often called keyholes. “Our laboratory is the first in the country to develop veterinary simulation training in laparoscopic surgery,” said Dr. Boel Fransson, director of the VALT laboratory. “I was very interested in technique development for the additional skills required for the minimally invasive surgeries we perform in clinical practice here at WSU.” 

 Laparoscopic surgery is being used more often in veterinary medicine because of the same advantages to patients as seen in humans. Risks associated with traditional open surgery are minimized, pain is reduced and easier to control, and patients often recover much more quickly. It is also a valuable tool that allows veterinarians to run diagnostic tests they may not otherwise be able to perform. Although the American College of Veterinary Surgeons requires training in minimally invasive surgical techniques, there was no other learning platform for surgeons in training except to participate in actual surgeries with a mentoring surgeon. Dr. Fransson and her colleague, Dr. Claude Ragle, a WSU board-certified equine surgeon and pioneer in equine laparoscopy, believe additional training outside the operating room is necessary to achieve higher competency levels. More training also means less risk to the patients Proper training in laparoscopic surgery can be simpler and safer than other surgical techniques. Training in the VALT lab, surgeons become accustomed to using actual surgical tools in small spaces while watching the magnified procedures on a television screen. Practicing the precise movements of laparoscopic surgery also helps the techniques to become second nature. Additional training minimizes unnecessary movements, surgery time, and increases accuracy. 

 The VALT lab began training veterinarians in 2008 with very basic equipment, such as a box trainer that uses real instruments to teach hand-eye coordination necessary for routine procedures such as suturing. Dr. Fransson later added canine abdomen models that train surgeons in the feel and size of the abdominal cavity and organs. The virtual reality, or VR, trainer was added to the lab earlier this year. After working on the VR trainer, surgeons receive printouts to learn how their techniques can be more efficient and safe. The software tracks the surgeon’s performance and provides an assessment of the surgeon’s skills. learn more @ please visit vcs.vetmed.wsu.edu/Research/VALT-Lab.

Flowering plant extract can meet sports nutrition demand

Flowering plant extract can meet sports nutrition demand: Growing demand for nitrate in sports nutrition products is being met by a new ingredient extracted from the flowering plant Amaranthus.

Egg powder (Powdered eggs.#eggs in a sachet.)

Egg powder is your delicious and your choice when you need to prepare an egg recipe fast .The egg powder contains all the nutrients eggs offer plus one extra factor,its handy.

The egg powder comes in 3 variants; the whole egg powder,egg-white powder and egg-yolk powder.

    This is how to use the powder You can serve with any food you desire.Its easy, convenient and very affordable.

Calcium EDTA to Treat Lead Poison in Pets.

Edetate Calcium Disodium, also known as Calcium EDTA, is a chelating agent used by veterinarians to treat lead poisoning in dogs and cats. It is used to treat other types of heavy metal toxicity in animals . Animals can get lead poisoning just as humans by ingesting a large amount of lead-containing materials. Pets and other animals get lead from paint, plumbing materials, linoleum tiles, lead foil, solder, golf balls, drinking water from lead pipes, lead weights, newspaper, certain dyes, insulation and a host of other lead-containing products and materials. Lead poisoning can cause an animal to experience both neurological and gastrointestinal complications. Common neurological signs include seizures, blindness, running aimlessly, running in circles, ataxia and behavioral changes. Gastrointestinal problems can include abdominal pain, vomiting, lack of appetite and either constipation or diarrhea. - Ingestion of lead and other heavy metals displaces calcium in the body. Therefore, many veterinarians use chelation therapy to aid in eliminating the lead or heavy metals while increasing calcium levels throughout the body. Prior to the administration of Calcium EDTA therapy, the animal’s blood lead concentration levels will be tested and then monitored throughout the therapy until the lead level in the blood is normal. Calcium EDTA is administered subcutaneously and only in a veterinary office or animal hospital setting where blood monitoring can be conducted.Calcium EDTA should not be administered to an animal with a pre-existing kidney condition. In some cases, a second round of Calcium EDTA is required if the first therapy isn’t fully successful. If your pet experiences vomiting or diarrhea while undergoing Calcium EDTA therapy, the veterinarian may prescribe a zinc supplement because this medication chelates zinc in addition to lead. Contributed by :Giano Panzarella for diamondbackdrugs.