COMMON FISH DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY IN FEED.

Feed must be balanced in all essential nutrients in terms of carbohydrate,protein,fat and oil. Vitamins and minerals are also essential for growth,balance and total health status of fish.The various component manifest different signs when absent in feed,the most prominent sign is stunted growth,delayed harvest s=,reduced survival rate.Vitamins and minerals in feed are essential to regulate metabolism,thus any deficiency results in ill health,imbalance and deformations. Scoliosis refers to skeletal deformations in the body of fish.The fish is bent backwards,head tilted and skin peeling.This condition is as a result of vitamin c deficiency, it also occurs when calcium or phosphorus is also lacking in feed.Skeletal deformations can also result from contamination of pond with heavy metals such as mercury. Calcium and phosphorus deficiency could also result in "running horse disease"; where fish swim violently in groups around sides of pond in uncoordinated manner.Fish could also appear darkened(burnt out) or sometimes black,these fish have smaller bodies and big head.This condition is linked to anaemia,and has been traced to incomplete feed. Fish feed must be balanced for the value to be noticed ,hence nutrients must be properly balanced and mixed. Atovi premix is an essential part of feed,its complete with needed nutrients at required levels. Atovi premix ensures growth and early harvest of fish.The premix ensures a blend and perfect balance of the feed,it enhances the metabolism of feed ensuring proper absorption and reduce amount of waste.The use of atovi help prevent build up of nitrogenous waste thus purifies pond,there is a balance in aigae bloom,hence no death of micro organisms in filter.The atovi premix ensures proper inter-cellular function,hence there is no incidence of diseases in fish fed atovi premix.

FEEDING FISH.

Feeding fish accounts for about 65-75% of total cost of production,hence there is a need to understand the requirements of fish,the feed stuff ,and how to get the desired value for the cost of feeding. Fish feed must be a balanced meal consisting of carbohydrate,protein,fat and oil,and vitamin premix.The sources of these component will depend on availability,cost and weighed advantages of the feed stuff over other options. Carbohydrate sources can be any of the following; millet,maize,wheat,rice bran or sorghum.Protein sources include; soya beans,fish meal,groundnut cake.Fat and oil include palm oil,vegetable oil or fish oils.The vitamin premix is a combination of additives and supplements . Atovi premix is the choice for enhanced growth and early harvest. The combination of these various feed stuff depends on the age of the fish with regards to the crude protein level,and stage of development.Fish feed must posses certain qualities for it to be considered suitable for use; 1)it must be balanced;contain all components in required quantities. 2)it must be attractive and palatable to fish. 3)it must be cost effective. 4)must promote growth of fish. 5)must be stable in water but must not pollute the pond. fish feed depends on the management employed; feeding may be by using natural feed,compounded feed,live feed or a combination of natural and compounded ration.The compounded feed are presented in powdered ,granular or pelletized forms.Fish feed could also be presented in flakes,this is usually the form for ornamental fish.Natural feed include the normal feed that fishes are exposed to in their natural habitats such as aquatic weeds,water hyacinth and water lettuce. Phytoplankton,zoo-plankton,insects,shrimps,maggot,tadpoles and earthworm. Animal offals are also sometimes used to feed fish; these offals include chicken intestine,pig scrapings, and cattle cuttings. The offals are washed properly,boiled and then coated with cornflour to absorb oil,this is then fed to the fish.The flour helps prevent pollution in pond by limiting /preventing oil deposits. Eggs can be used as well; the eggs are boiled,shelled and the yolk is mixed with water to form a paste.This is then broadcast ed on the pond for fish to feed.The disadvantage of feeding with yolk is that the pond must be flushed after every meal to prevent contamination of pond. Fish are fed at specific times to create a rhythm/pattern,the feeding is done at specific points so that the fish can be easily observed and weak/inactive ones are isolated. The quality and quantity of the feed is important,as it plays a vital role in the success of the production.When feed is incomplete,inadequate and has potential to pollute pond,these hampers the growth and development of fish.

ATOVI , WASTE WATER TREATMENT AND FISH FARMING.

Waste water contains organic materials and nutrients, as well as pollutants and microorganisms that are harmful to humans and wildlife. which is the reason, all waste water treatment plants are designed to take advantage of the decomposition of organic materials by bacterial activity. Bacteria break down this organic material to obtain energy and building material for cell growth. The primary treatment involves physical removal of debris and large particles from the waste water; once at the plant, it enters one of two pumping stations. Sewage enters a large vat, where powerful pumps convey it into stilling basins and as the waste water flows past, mechanical augers grind up large debris and filter it out for disposal. The next step ; waste water enters grit removal tanks where sand, gravel and seeds settle to the bottom by gravity. The waste water then flows into the primary settling basins, where smaller particles settle out and mechanical devices skim off oil and solids that float to the top. When the removal of large particles and solids are done, the waste water flows into aeration basins where it is constantly stirred to help introduce oxygen and promote bacterial growth. This process is the secondary treatment and the mass of bacterial cells generated is called activated sludge. The beneficial bacteria will clean the water by digesting organic materials and other contaminants present in the waste water, consuming oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. The waste water treatment plant will end up with a large amount of activated sludge (bacterial cell mass). The activated sludge (concentrated) will be placed in a large anaerobic digester designed to further treat the sludge using anaerobic bacteria. The result is not that satisfying because of the fact that harmful (anaerobic) bacteria can dominate the environment and in their decomposition process, produce hydrogen sulfide gas and similar by-products, this is the major cause of death in fish tanks. Where beneficial bacteria will be eliminated because they also die in toxins. The use of Atovi powder makes all the beneficial bacteria present in the waste water charged with high micro potential energy, making them strong and immune against any pollutants or toxins. The technology promotes regeneration of super strong beneficial bacteria thus, neutralizing harmful microorganisms through the process of competitive inhibition and competitive exclusion. The result is fully treated clean water, without traces of any chemicals, metals, toxins and bad bacteria. When the water turns green, it is a sign that marine ecosystem has been restored and it’s now suitable for fish and crustaceans culture. The use of atovi powder is of immense advantage in water plant and fish farming.

ATOVI; PREMIX FOR ANIMALS.

Animal production has taken a dramatic turn with the advent of antibiotic resistant bacteria,increase in cancer,obesity and early attainment of puberty in children. All these have been traced to animal husbandry; it is a known fact that more producers feed animals with antibiotic laden feed and growth hormones and these have resultant effects on consumers. People are kicking against the use of chemicals,antibiotics and medicated feed in production process,this has lead to search for more natural solutions which healthy benefits. Atovi is one of such alternatives; its a premix which when fed to animals enhances their immune system thus preventing diseases,it increases growth rate with high muscle mass,increases egg yield and size,it increases the rate of feed absorption thus ensuring better utilization of feed. The odor of feces of poultry birds are eliminated because of proper feed utilization,thus making management of poultry waste easy. The animals are not susceptible to diseases,thus reducing cost of production in terms of drug usage. Atovi has also found uses in growing of plant and food crops.Seeds to be planted are prep with atovi to energize them,prevent pest infestation and also enhance growth and yield of crops.Animal breeders also use the atovi to increase litter size, ensure high birth weight of pups and survival index. Atovi indeed is miracle supplement used all over the world to enhance performance of plants and animals naturally. Use atovi and increase production rate naturally,call for yours today. https://www.webmallng.com/my-profile

A.T.O.V.I

Feeding our livestock is so important,because what we feed our animals has an effect on the consumers.The side effect of antibiotics in feed cannot be overemphasized, the superbug effect is a major problem,hence morw and more people are moving into new realms of production,using wholesome ingredients for the livestock. The advent of healthy living, weight loss programs and healthy life style forums, more and more people are making better choices; such as buying organic products,eating animal products from pastured animals and consuming animal by-products of animals raised without antibiotics. This is the major reason for using pre/probiotics in feed instead of antibiotics. ATOVI,has been proven to aid growth of livestock ,prevent diseases and enhance bigger eggs,better feed conversion ratio. ATOVI ,can be used in all animal types with no side effects. Feeding livestock accounts for a larger percentage of cost of production in animal husbandry,it also determines the quality and quantity of expected by-products. Animal feed are usually fortified with growth promoters,antibiotics and anticoccidials,to ensure that the animals produce at a higher rate, grow faster to attain market weight early and to prevent diseases. The inclusion of all these medication in feed increases the cost of feed,reduces the shelve-life of the feed and it has a potential to impact the human health in a negative way as a result of antibiotic residue in the by-products. The global concern of antibiotic residue in animal by- products resulting in antibiotic resistance in man has sparked a lot of action, with more and more people pushing for regulations to restrict these inclusions in animal feed, others avoid such products,many purchase products from animals raised on organic feed/ those raised on home grown feed. This has led to a lot of research on better feeding methods of animals; these include exclusion of chemicals from feed, vaccinating animals as opposed to feed medication and inclusion of certain premixes in feed to enhance the immune system. Atovi premix is a blend of minerals and vitamins added to animal feed without any side effect in man. The premix blended with the feed enhances the immune system thus preventing diseases in animals.The premix increases the growth rate ,livability of animals thus preventing loss due to mortality,higher production rate due to better absorption of feed ,reduces time of molting thus the laying period is extended with more egg production of bigger sizes. The beef/chicken/pork produced has a homegrown taste,its juicy,without cholesterol with high carcass percentage. The use of ATOVI powder actually lowers cost of production because the animals consume less feed ,the fecal matter is reduced and its odorless. The inclusion of atovi powder in animal feed is not limited to few species,all animals benefit including fish& rabbit .It is also used on crops. The ATOVI powder, has a counterpart in human medicine referred to as MITOGEN AND MITO MALUNGGAY capsules and used as supplements to boost immune system and cure several diseases.

ANTIBIOTIC USE IN ANIMAL FEED AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH.

Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most pressing public health concern,the center for disease control and prevention records that 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths are caused each year by antibiotic- resistant bacteria in the US alone.

This has prompted president Obama to sign an executive order September 2014,launching federal efforts to combat the rise in antibiotic-resistance bacterial illness. The order resulted in the constitution of a task force,comprising of representatives of agriculture colleges,universities,pharmaceutical industry,animal agriculture community,veterinarians and other stakeholders,with the goal to advice the government on research agenda for alternatives to antibiotics in animal feed and to help publicly disseminate information on the effects of antibiotics in production agriculture,the group is to submit a report early February 2015. 

 Scientist,food processors,food retailers, veterinarians and some concerned citizens have shown concern about the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria referred to as superbugs in veterinary and human medicine.The W.H.O & C.D.C have expressed serious concern as well,that some bacteria have developed defenses against different classes of antibiotic compounds. 

The W.H.O has called antibiotic resistance a problem so serious that it threatens the achievement of modern medicine and if immediate actions are not initiated,the world might go back to "pre antibiotic era." The center for science and environment has reported that it has found some antibiotic residue in some chickens sampled in Delhi,India.

The center reports that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry production has been linked to growing antibiotic resistance in Indians. India is currently experiencing a deadly antibiotic-resistant bacteria epidemic,where tens of thousands of newborns are dying ;last year about 58,000 newborns died because medicine can no longer effectively treat bacterial infections, this has prompted the C.S.E to seek a ban on use of antibiotics in poultry.

Researchers have discovered superbugs carrying a genetic code first identified in India, in other countries such as France,Japan and U.S. All efforts must be geared towards the ban on antibiotics in animal feed,and also suitable alternatives must be initiated to achieve a healthy flock,optimum production and wholesome by-products.

There are some alternatives currently used by only few producers, such as the Atovi powder, probiotics,prebiotics, organic acids, inclusion of green algae and organic feed e.t.c if more producers imbibe other alternatives ,then superbugs era will soon be history. The superbugs effect has confirmed that;WE ARE WHAT WE FEED OUR ANIMALS. JOIN THE CHANGE MOVEMENT!!!! SAY NO TO ANTIBIOTICS IN ANIMAL FEED.

ATOVI ;THE MAGIC PREMIX.

Feeding livestock accounts for a larger percentage of cost of production in animal husbandry,it also determines the quality and quantity of expected by-products. Animal feed are usually fortified with growth promoters,antibiotics and anticoccidials,to ensure that the animals produce at a higher rate, grow faster to attain market weight early and to prevent diseases. The inclusion of all these medication in feed increases the cost of feed,reduces the shelve-life of the feed and it has a potential to impact the human health in a negative way as a result of antibiotic residue in the by-products. The global concern of antibiotic residue in animal by- products resulting in antibiotic resistance in man has sparked a lot of action, with more and more people pushing for regulations to restrict these inclusions in animal feed, others avoid such products,many purchase products from animals raised on organic feed/ those raised on home grown feed. This has led to a lot of research on better feeding methods of animals; these include exclusion of chemicals from feed, vaccinating animals as opposed to feed medication and inclusion of certain premixes in feed to enhance the immune system. Atovi premix is a blend of minerals and vitamins added to animal feed without any side effect in man. The premix blended with the feed enhances the immune system thus preventing diseases in animals.The premix increases the growth rate ,livability of animals thus preventing loss due to mortality,higher production rate due to better absorption of feed ,reduces time of molting thus the laying period is extended with more egg production of bigger sizes. The beef/chicken/pork produced has a homegrown taste,its juicy,without cholesterol with high carcass percentage. The use of ATOVI powder actually lowers cost of production because the animals consume less feed ,the fecal matter is reduced and its odorless. The inclusion of atovi powder in animal feed is not limited to few species,all animals benefit including fish& rabbit .It is also used on crops.The ATOVI powder, has a counterpart in human medicine referred to as MITOGEN AND MITO MALUNGGAY capsules and used as supplements to boost immune system and cure several diseases.

ATOVI PREMIX FOR ANIMAL FEED.

The ATOVI premix powder; generally referred to as the wonder feed powder.Its a feed additive, a blend of vitamins and minerals developed by nanotechnology.The ATOVI POWDER when included in animal feed promotes growth,build better muscle,uniformity of flock, improves feed conversion and utilization. The powder boost immune system,improves breeding operation,lowers feed intake, prevents diseases,controls odor of fecal matter,promotes fast recovery when used on debilitated animals. ATOVI POWDER, is used in all animal species without any side effects in man or the animals.There are no antibiotic residues in products thus enhancing better human health.

NANOTECHNOLOGY.

Nanotechnology involves creating and manipulating organic and inorganic matter on a molecular level referred to as nano scale. The technology has been applied in agriculture, in medicine,food industry,sport industry and manufacturing lines e.t.c The technology has given a ray of hope to food security,as its been postulated that with explosion of population, food /animal by products will be increasing difficult to come by due to water problems,energy use,change in climate,emissions of gases and land degradation. Nanotechnology has the ability to shape food on a molecular level,this will be made available locally around the world,thus ensuring food security.The nanotechnology will enhance flavor,adjust color,nutrient content to accomodate consumer needs,health needs,and environmental stability.The use of the technology in agriculture will reduce use of pesticides,improve plant and animal breeding and create new nano bio industrial products.The nano technology is a total turn around concept about how products are made,packaged,utilized and metabolized. The nano technology intervenes in numerous ways to ensure food safety,better health,growth/livability,safer environment,better plant/animal by products and food security.The use in animal feed is the aspect i want to focus on, THE ATOVI POWDER IS THE PRODUCT. This is a vitamin/premix that was produced using nano tech. The powder is added to animal feed to achieve the following; 1) fast growth rate, 2) improve feed conversion 3)higher livability, 4)longer laying period 5)big sized eggs with good shell quality 6)shorter molting periods,7)high carcass percentage 8) inhibition of pathogens in animals 9) better taste and color. The ATOVI POWDER IS USED IN ALL ANIMALS.