RAISING LAYERS FOR PROFIT.

The cost of raising 500 birds; EXPENDITURE COST. 1)Land...................................................................................1,500,000. 2) Housing................................................................................900,000. 3) D.O.C @ 200.........................................................................100,000. 4) Cages @ 70,00........................................................................350,000. 5) Labor @ 20,000...................................................................40,000. 6) Brooding @ 30/chick...............................................................15,000. 7) Vaccination/medication @ 80/chick...............................................40,000. 8)Farm tools,supplies/implements................................................35,000. 9) Feed @60 g/chick for 0-8 weeks @ 2,500/bag............................................168,000. 10) Feed @ 90 g/chick for 9-20 weeks @ 2,800/bag............................................423,360. 11) feed @ 120 g/chick/day for 21-40 weeks @ 3000/bag..................................1,008,000. Total.................................................4,579,360. PROFIT ANALYSIS Sale of birds @ 2000 x 450(10% mortality).....................900,000. profit= recurrent expenditure- proceeds= .................1,794,360-900,000 =894,360 naira. The layers provide additional profit at same cost..... sale of eggs @ 900/crate for 234,000 naira. The overhead cost will reduce from 2nd phase of production as the cost will include recurrent expenditure only,meaning more profit for the investor. The production phase can also be prolonged by forced moulting to extend laying period,resulting more bigger eggs. RAISING LAYERS FOR PROFIT.

HOW TO REAR SNAILS.

 HOW TO REAR SNAILS. Snail farming also referred to as heliculture is a lucrative business with high export potential.Snails are small,hardy and easy to manage.

They can be raised on small or large scale using various means of housing.

The snail business is easy to set up, with simple management.. Snail farming is not capital intensive, does not require specialized equipment ,the feed are readily available and cheap.. 


Snails dont constitute a nuisance to the environment because there is on noise from the pens, and waste is odorless.

 The snail is divided into 3 parts; the shell, muscular foot and the visceral mass. The shell is the most visible part which makes up 30-40% of the whole body.

The shell is a means of identifying various species, and it has ornamental values.The shell increases with body size,thus its also a means of determining the age of the snails.

The muscular part also referred to as foot is the edible part, and makes up 45% of the body weight.Its also the means by which the snails move.

The visceral mass houses the internal organs and the reproductive organs. The snails are hermaphrodites, but they still require another snail to lay eggs. .


Snails can be housed using various enclosures depending on size of stock. Old tyres with wire netting,drums,wooden cages, cemented high/low fenced pens or natural gardens .The housing must be intact to prevent  openings for rodents,ants and mosquitoes.  The housing must provide shade,to prevent heating up the snails resulting in death.


 Snails feeds on greens,tubers and fruits. Snails can feed on leaves of pawpaw,cassava,fruits of mango,banana,orange. They can also be fed  with well ground broiler ration,chick mash or layer ration.

The feed must be balanced with adequate components of carbohydrate,fish meal and calcium supplements. Water is very important in snail diet and it must be readily available.

 The  floor of  the house of the snail must be covered with loamy soil which must be kept moist to allow the snails to burrow and lay eggs.

The snails/ hatchlings that are to be the foundation stock must be carefully chosen, they should be of good weight (300-350g),with no cracks on shell and no nodules.

The snails must be well stocked to prevent cannibalism,death and poor growth. A stocking density of the snails should be 40-50 hatchlings/m2, 30- 40 growers/m2 and 12-15 adults/m2.

 The sexual maturity of the snail is 5-6 months, upon maturity they lay eggs in presence of other snails and the eggs are buried deep in the sand to protect them. The snails lays about 80-100 eggs in clutches/batches.