HOW TO MAKE MILK REPLACEMENT FOR PUPPIES..

        HOW TO MAKE MILK REPLACEMENT FOR PUPPIES.




 When you have orphaned puppies and no foster bitch, the solution is to make milk replacement.
 This is on the notion that colostrum has been provided, see how here.

 The ingredients needed are 

: 1) 340 g of unsweetened evaporated milk

 2) 369 g of boiled water..

  3) one bottle of beef baby food .

  4) 227 g of unflavored yogurt.

  5) 2 cooked eggs.

 Mix all ingredient in a bowl and blend until smooth in a blender. This mixture is refrigerated and served. This should be served at room temperature when its time to feed the puppies.

COLOSTRUM SUBSTITUTE.

When do puppies drink colostrum and why do they need it? Colostrum is an immune booster and puppies must consume it within 12 hours of birth.

When puppies fail to consume the colostrum they won’t be able to build the needed passive immunity. The protein-rich colostrum provides passive immunity in dogs and it lasts several weeks and protect them from various infections and diseases.

 The digestive system of a puppy more than 12 hours old cannot mop up the antibodies present in colostrum anymore. When the puppy drinks the colostrum after this time, it won’t be as effective. It is very important the pups consume the colostrum within the first 12 hours so as to start building immunity.

 When a bitch dies during whelping or after whelping what happens to the pups? There are various ways to get the pups nourished. The pups can be fostered by another bitch that whelped at the same period or colostrum can be given using substitutes..

                              HOW TO MAKE COLOSTRUM SUBSTITUTE.

The major thing we want to provoke is the immune system by providing antibodies. The colostrum substitute can be made by using plasma from a healthy bitch .
The breeder normally keeps tabs on bitches and usually collects blood samples from the bitch before whelping to produce the colostrum substitute as a back up plan.
 This procedure is done in a veterinary diagnostic lab so it will be carried out properly observing all preventive protocols so as not to hurt the bitch.

                                 HOW TO COLLECT THE PLASMA.

 1) Blood sample is collected.
 2)The blood is spinned so the plasma is separated.
 3)The decanted plasma is stored by freezing in different tubes.

COLOSTRUM FOR DOGS.

COLOSTRUM. What is it and why is it important.? Colostrum is the first milk produced by the bitch after whelping which must be given to the puppies.

The colostrum found in the breast before and after a puppy is born is rich with antibodies and essential for pups.The pup in-utero was breathing in a sterile environment until birth, so, now needs to build up its own immune defense.

 The colostrum is a nutritious, balanced, and protective food and the pups needs it after losing contact with the placenta. The placenta is a pouch that was providing them with nutrition for growth in the mother’s womb.
                                       HOW TO TAKE CARE OF NEW UPS.

THE EFFECTS OF COLOSTRUM ON PIGLETS.

Its of paramount importance that piglets take colostrum just after farrow,and the health benefits of protection and nutrient provision has always been the strong point. There is a new information that backs up the earlier fact that the exposure of piglet to colostrum is not short-term,but impacts the condition of the pig for life. The researchers, associated with the Ghent University, Belgium, published their findings recently in the Journal of Animal Science, and they state that proper colostrum intake in the early days of lactation has effects on pigs until later in life that are hard to overestimate. Short-term and long-term performance as well as mortality are also influenced. The long-term effects of colostrum intake on performance and mortality in pigs were analysed thus; a total of 1,455 live-born piglets in 10 commercial herds were followed from birth until 22 weeks of age. Pigs were individually weighed at birth, at weaning, at onset (intermediate weight), and during the finishing period (finishing weight) and colostrum intake was also calculated. The researchers fitted one linear mixed model to model the possible associations between colostrum intake and weight at the weaning, intermediate, and finishing periods. In addition to colostrum intake as the main predictor of interest, the scientists also tested other predictor variables, being birth weight, birth order, sex, breed and the interval between birth and first suckling. The scientists noted that Colostrum intake and birth weight were positively associated with weaning, intermediate, and finishing weights. Higher colostrum intake is more beneficial to weaning, intermediate, and finishing weights in piglets with low versus high birth weights. Colostrum intake significantly influences piglets' short-term and long-term performance and mortality. The colostrum yield is reported to be independent of litter size, sufficient colostrum intake per piglet is crucial, especially in hyperprolific sows. read more at pigprogress.net

Lactation, weather found to predict milk quality in dairy cows.

The quality of colostrum -- the nutrient-rich milk newborn dairy calves first drink from their mothers -- can be predicted by the mother's previous lactation performance and weather, according to new research Colostrum is a concentrated source of nutrients, which includes fats, proteins, including immunoglobulins such as Immunoglobulin G (IgG), carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It is key in supporting the health of the young dairy animal. Previous research has found that inadequate feeding of quality colostrum to newborn calves can result in reduced growth rates, increased risk of disease and death, increased risk of being culled, and decreased milk production in the first and second lactations. UNH researchers found that previous lactation performance data can predict colostrum quality; the more lactations the cow has had in the past, the higher the quality of colostrum in the future. This method allows dairy producers to predict colostrum quality before the calf is born and the ability to estimate Immunoglobulin G content, which is the primary measure of colostrum quality, of the colostrum without having to collect it. The long-term effects of colostrum determine the success of the cow, and therefore special care should be taken to ensure colostrum of the highest quality is provided to the newborn calf.Researchers also found that the poorest quality colostrum was produced during the winter. The researchers theorize that in warmer temperatures, the blood vessels of the cow dilate, causing them to be more permeable to IgG. This increased permeability of the blood vessels may lead to improved colostrum.It is apparent from these studies that environmental temperature or day length has an impact on colostrum quality . culled from papers from university of Hampshire

FEEDING ORPHANED FOALS.

Orphaned foals are a breeding reality that all caretakers should consider and learn how to manage.The mare milk (colostrum) is what a foal needs, there are 2 options that we can consider.The owner can get from a colostrum bank or a milk replacement can be purchased or formulated. The colostrum usually is 1 to 1.5 liters total--divided into multiple 8 to 12 ounce feedings is needed to achieve an (acceptable antibody level), but colostral quality greatly affects this, and adequate (antibody levels) can be achieved with less. When colostrum is not immediately available, the foal can be fed with milk or milk replacer within two hours of birth. The foal is fed about 15% of the body weight on the first day, and increasing that amount to 18-22% over the next weeks. Foals should not consume more than 25% of their body weight daily. Read more here;http://www.thehorse.com/articles/29123/how-to-feed-an-orphan-foal