Rare super cute dog breeds.

1) The Norwegian Lundehund is a small, purebred dog originating from Norway. The Norwegian Lundehund is known for being super alert, protective, energetic, and loyal. Most of these pups have either black, grey, red, white, or yellow fur. Their life expectancy is between 12 and 15 years, and they are comparable to the very popular Shiba Inu breed in size and appearance. 2)The Finnish Spitz is a medium-sized, purebred dog that is known for being intelligent, loyal, multi-talented, and playful. Besides looking like a tiny adorable fox, the Finnish Spitz has a number of other great qualities. They make wonderful watchdogs, are moderately easy to train, and are good with kids. 3)The Finnish Lapphund is a medium purebred dog known for its affectionate, courageous, gentle, and cheerful demeanor. These dogs are usually black, black and tan, brown, gray, red, or white in color. Not only are these dogs totally adorable, they are also very easy to train, great with kids, and known for being friendly, loving, loyal, quiet, and sweet. 4) At this point it seems like all the cutest dogs are from Scandinavia! The Norwegian Buhund is a medium purebred known for being energetic, alert, cheerful, and courageous. These pups are super low maintenance, very active, and good with kids. They also apparently make the cutest puppies of all time. more

The new antibiotics regulation for use in livestock.

The regulations require producers who raise cattle, cows, pigs, chickens, turkeys and other animals to obtain a veterinarian’s approval before using any antibiotics that also are important to human health. And antibiotics may no longer be used in healthy animals as a feed additive to increase weight. The routine use of antibiotics in animals that are also used in human drugs has been a growing concern of consumers and health professionals. The goal is to ensure these medically important antimicrobials that are given to food-producing animals in medicated feed and drinking water are used judiciously. The problem is that the more frequently antibiotics are used, the more quickly bacteria can develop resistance to them, rendering the lifesaving drugs less effective or ineffective. Health professionals and consumer groups have pressed the FDA and the livestock industry to avoid unnecessary or inappropriate uses of antibiotics. The regulation also require producers, vets and feed mills to document the use of prescribed antibiotics and keep those records on hand for several years.

Public Private Partnership : a platform for livestock economics and globalization of veterinary medicine.

Disease, Livestock Economics, and the Globalization of Veterinary Medicine offers a new and exciting comparative approach to the complex interrelationships of microbes, markets, and medicine in the global economy. 

It draws upon fourteen case studies from the Americas, western Europe, and the European and Japanese colonies to illustrate how the rapid growth of the international trade in animals through the nineteenth century engendered the spread of infectious diseases, sometimes with devastating consequences for indigenous pastoral societies. 

 At different times and across much of the globe, livestock epidemics have challenged social order and provoked state interventions, which were sometimes opposed by pastoralists.

 The intensification of agriculture has transformed environments, with consequences for animal and human health. But the last two centuries have also witnessed major changes in the way societies have conceptualized diseases and sought to control them. 

The rise of germ theories and the discovery of vaccines against some infections made it possible to move beyond the blunt tools of animal culls and restrictive quarantines of the past.

 Nevertheless, these older methods have remained important to strategies of control and prevention, as demonstrated during the recent outbreak of foot and mouth disease in Britain in 2001. 

 From the late nineteenth century, advances in veterinary technologies afforded veterinary scientists a new professional status and allowed them to wield greater political influence.

 In the European and Japanese colonies, state support for biomedical veterinary science often led to coercive policies for managing the livestock economies of the colonized peoples. 

   In western Europe and North America, public responses to veterinary interventions were often unenthusiastic and reflected a latent distrust of outside interference and state regulation. 

Politics, economics, and science inform these essays on the history of animal diseases and the expansion in veterinary medicine. read

Method of crop selection to generate millions in agribusiness.

Crop selection is very vital for success in agribusiness ,your choice of crop is dependent on factors such as adaptability, soil, light, temperature and market. These factors are key but selection is not limited to them, environment ,proper farming knowledge of crop and topography also plays a role. These tips will guide on selection of crops and also expand the study scope of farming techniques; 1) soil dynamics :The first step is to test your soil and identify which crops you plan to grow. The soil test report will give recommendations based on your soil and crop needs,you should always base plant nutrition decisions on a current soil test. Fertilizer is expensive, and soil tests are relatively cheap and the only indicator of true nutrient needs. Matching crops to the existing limitations of your soils is a smart step. Soil texture, compaction, cation exchange capacity and organic matter content are just a few of the variables that can impact the crop. Planting crops that are well-suited to your soil characteristics gives you a better chance of success. Growers can have an impact on soil characteristics through cultivation practices, by adding amendments, using certain planting methods, or employing techniques to alter factors such as soil temperature, moisture retention or compaction. However, working with a soil that already meets most of a given crop’s needs increases the chances of success. Mineral nutrition issues can be difficult to remedy and can have a major impact on certain crops. For example, boron is toxic to beans, but prevents hollow heart in brassicas. So if a soil is high in boron, grow brassicas. 2)Adaptability; Different varieties of the same species can have different nutrient requirements. Select varieties that are suited to your soil’s fertility levels, soil type and local climatic conditions. Using adapted varieties allows for increased disease resistance, and fewer inputs will be needed to reap a bountiful, healthy crop in an economically profitable manner. Most of the crops have hybrid seeds that have been locally adapted to different conditions across the country. Whether you are doing open field farming or greenhouse farming, knowing the suitable variety is a necessary step towards a good harvest. continue

The Virtue of Treating People Like Animals: Why Human Health Care Should Mirror Veterinary Health Care.

When Lily a 2 year old, began vomiting and refused her food and water, I took her to my veterinarian who, after a battery of X-rays and other tests, found nothing conclusive. The vet offered a preliminary diagnosis of gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining, and sent us home with medication to treat the condition. When twenty-four hours of the treatment yielded no improvement, we returned to the vet, who admitted Lily for observation overnight. The next evening, the vet phoned to say: “Lily is still vomiting and refusing food and water, so we ran a second set of X-rays and a comparison of the two sets revealed that her intestines are bunching as if something’s lodged inside. There’s an emergency veterinary clinic twenty miles away that has an ultrasound machine, which will enable us to see what’s inside. Please come pick up Lily and drive her there; we’ll notify them that you’re on your way.” The ultrasound revealed a large quantity of thread tangled in Lily’s digestive tract. Unbeknownst to me, she had extracted a bobbin of thread from my sewing kit and swallowed the contents. The condition required surgery, which the vet at the emergency clinic performed that night, removing the thread (which was lodged in Lily’s stomach, small intestine, and large intestine) without complications. Lily remained in intensive care for two days before the vet sent her home with a scar on her stomach, some antibiotics, and a list of instructions for postoperative care. She recovered fully and was back to mischief in short order. As this story indicates, the state of animal health care in America, in terms of the quality of the diagnostics and treatments available, is in many ways on par with that of human health care. And the fact that advancements in veterinary medicine have progressed in close parallel with those in human medicine should come as little surprise: Animals are important to us. They provide us with, among other things, food, labor, and companionship. To ensure that our animals are respectively tasty, reliable, healthy, and happy, we need the services of well-trained veterinarians equipped with the latest technologies. That demand is nicely satisfied. source.

Rapid test detects mobile resistance gene mcr-1.

Scientists have evaluated a rapid test that detects the dreaded colistin resistance gene within twenty minutes. It can therefore be used in hospitals and for livestock. Colistin is used as the "last-resort antibiotic" for dreaded multidrug-resistant pathogens, especially in hospitals. However, gut bacteria that have become insensitive to colistin now exist -- owing to the mobile resistance gene mcr-1. In early 2016, bacteria carrying this resistance gene were detected in Germany for the first time.The risk of a further spread of this colistin resistance is high because it takes place through so-called mobile genetic elements (plasmids) which are transferred between different types of bacteria relatively easily. For the evaluation of this rapid test, the scientists from the German center for research worked together with the company AmplexBiosystems GmbH which provided the testing kits free of charge. 104 bacterial isolates from animals, humans and the environment underwent testing with the molecular rapid test: the rapid test results were compared to those from complete genome sequencing or PCR, and demonstrated one hundred percent sensitivity and specificity. The test could clearly differentiate between common colistin resistance and mobile resistance located on plasmids and the test results become available in only twenty minutes.

The gizzard: the neglected poultry organ.

Things are changing in poultry production and how birds are managed: antibiotic-free broilers and intestinal health management, to name a few. In this context, the gizzard is an organ that typically does not get the attention it deserves in broilers. In the last decades, the focus has been on digestibility and yield. Dr. Kip Karges, director of technical service and research H.J. Baker & Bro. Inc.’s feed division, during IPPE last week, he said that we may need to shift the pH of the gut a little bit, to make it more environmentally friendly for fiber digesters and other microbial cultures. If gizzard works the way it should, it is easier in general terms to improve gut health. Karges said that we have forgotten the gizzard, because we did not need it. We had antibiotics. It’s an interesting point. All this seems to be a matter of feed particle size. We simply reduce the particle size of raw materials for a faster throughput. And what about the retention time in the small intestine? By maximizing passage, we maximize starch digestion. But we should not be concerned about predigesting starch. Karges says that it is, more or less, the gizzard’s function. Gizzards breaks up things. Let us remember it is a very strong muscle. Nowadays we have wonderful hammer mills to reduce particle size and leave the gizzard alone. But, if we need to shift the pH and microbial activity in the gut, we might need a bit larger grain size. But, we do not need this all production cycle long. We need it only for the first two weeks of age. Improving cultures in the gut in that period creates good conditions for the rest of the feeding period. source