Hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

The body needs oxygen to function obviously for without breath there is no life.The body gets the required oxygen from the atmosphere mainly from the photosynthesis process of plants. The normal uptake of oxygen can be disturbed in disease conditions such as in chronic obstructive respiratory disease, asthmatic attacks, heart failure ,sleep apnea and pneumonia. The deprivation of tissues and muscles of adequate oxygen can lead to certain conditions such as cancers ,which recent research shows they thrieve in areas of low oxygen tension. When the immune system suffers from a lack of oxygen,the body has to work much harder to combat opportunistic bacteria, parasitic infections, and colds as well as flu. People with low oxygen in their systems usually show any of these signs or a combination of some of them 1)bronchial problems. 2) high acid in stomach/poor digestion. 3) irritability. 4) irrational behavior/depression. 5) memory loss. 6 )muscle aches and pains. 7 ) circulation problems. 8) fatigue, and general body weakness. How will you know if you are oxygen starved or if your cells are longing for more oxygen? then use this free tool to stay on top.See The oxygen is usually supplied through breathing tubes and pipes. Physicians are taking the use of oxygen to another level by using it at high temperatures to treat wounds and severe infections.The hyperbaric therapy is the term used to describe the use of oxygen at high levels to teat wounds and infection and it has found a place in veterinary practice.

Diarrhoea in goats.

Diarrhoea is usually a sign of an underlying condition,its not a disease on its own. Diarrhoea is usually from infectious or non infectious origin,but whatever the cause the consequences are severe and usually fatal in young animals if untreated. The common causes of diarrhoea in goats are worms,coccidia,E.coli ,salmonella, viruses and nutritional factors and the treatment is based on identifying the root cause and treating accordingly.The goats are usually weak, with inappetence,fever and pasty feces. The color,component and odor of the feces also defer depending on the cause of the diarrhoea. Prevention is usually by good bio security protocols such as cleaning pens regularly,proper waste management , keep farm rodent-proof, isolation of new animals to farm before mixing with old stock and the preventive protocols such as deworming,and provision of uncontaminated feed. Treatment is based on the cause of the diarrhoea and also using the follow steps ; 1) separate the sick ones from the others. 2) give fluid to replace lost electrolyte. 3) use of kaolin.

White muscle disease in goats.

This is common in rapidly growing heavily muscled kids usually from does on a ration deficient in selenium or vitamin E or a combination of both . The kids are usually weak because they have poor suckling reflex,the gait is unsteady as there is stiffness ,exhibited by arched back. The kids often unable to use the hind limbs as disease progresses as it has sprawled out appearance , other signs are respiratory distress often leading to death. Prevention is basically providing a balanced ration with minerals and supplements,while treatment will be by provision of selenium and vitamin E.

New status for the mesentery.

Researchers have muted an idea that a part of the digestive system should be upgraded to an organ status. The mesentery according to a new medical journal report, a connective tissue that winds around our digestive organs, holding them in place isn’t a fragmented structure as once thought, but actually one contiguous structure. “The anatomic description that had been laid down over 100 years of anatomy was incorrect. This organ is far from fragmented and complex,” said study author J. Calvin Coffey, from the University of Limerick, Ireland, in a press statement. “It is simply one continuous structure,” winding from the small intestine down to the rectum. Medically speaking, an organ is self-contained and has a very specific vital job – think brain, kidneys and heart. Many, but not all, organs have a distinct functional unit, the study authors wrote in the Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology journal. But there are still many questions about how the mesentery functions. “The functional unit of the mesentery is unknown, and whether a distinctive cell type is primarily responsible for its functionality should be investigated,” they said. continue

Hand-foot-mouth disease.

The hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral infection, caused by viruses that belong to the Enterovirus genus (group). This group of viruses includes polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and enteroviruses. 

Coxsackievirus is the most common cause of HFMD. HFMD is typically a benign and self-limiting disease, and most common in young children.It is spread to others by close personal contact, coughing or sneezing or by contact with contaminated objects and surfaces 

 The signs are fever, oral lesions and rash on the hands, feet and buttocks. The oral lesions consist of rapidly-ulcerating vesicles on the buccal mucosa, tongue, palate and gums. The rash consists of papulovesicular lesions on the palms, fingers and soles, which generally persist for seven to 10 days, and maculopapular lesions on the buttocks. 

 The spread can be difficult to curtail in schools, closely knitted living communities and day-cares, although it is not all cases are serious, the infection can cause significant pain while eating, walking and writing. more

Canada reports first human case of H3N2v influenza.

On Dec. 16, WHO was notified of a confirmed human case of influenza A(H3N2) variant virus in Canada. The case developed respiratory infection symptoms on Oct. 24, was hospitalized on Nov. 8 with the diagnosis of pneumonia, and has recovered, according to the Influenza at the Human-Animal Interface Report. The exact location in Canada was not listed in the report. This is the first human case of A/Indiana/08/2011-like H3N2v influenza virus infection reported to WHO from Canada. Human infection with influenza A(H3N2)v viruses detected elsewhere have typically resulted in mild disease, although some have been hospitalized and at least one A(H3N2)v associated death has been reported. The case has confirmed exposure to ill swine on a farm. Animal health and epidemiological investigations are ongoing. Partial sequence analysis of all 8 gene segments of the virus isolated from the case indicates they are closely related to influenza A(H3N2) swine influenza viruses currently circulating in swine in North America. Influenza A(H1N2) and A(H3N2) viruses circulate in swine populations in many regions of the world. Depending on geographic location, the genetic characteristics of these viruses differ. Most human cases are exposed to the swine influenza viruses through contact with infected swine or contaminated environments. Human infection tends to result in mild clinical illness, although some cases have been hospitalized with more severe disease and one fatal case has been reported. Since these viruses continue to be detected in swine populations, further human cases can be expected. source

Korean authorities investigate suspect Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease case.

Officials in the Ulsan Metropolitan City, South Korea’s seventh largest metropolis, are investigating a suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) in a 40-year-old school employee, according to local media .In Korea, a woman in her 50s who was diagnosed with CJD for the first time in November 2011 and subsequently died . In January 2013, the second death in Korea was confirmed. According to the report. the case was identified in mid-December and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (MRI) testing performed at the hospital revealed that the patient was suspected of having CJD. In Ulsan, three people were suspected of having CJD last year, and health authorities are conducting epidemiological investigations. CJD is a rare brain disease that affects approximately one person per million people worldwide per year when CJD occurs a normal brain protein changes into an abnormal form called a “prion” and accumulates in brain cells. CJD can occur sporadically, from genetic mutation, or it can be acquired. It is not easily transmitted from person to person. There is no specific treatment or therapy that has been shown to stop the progression of the disease. Diagnosis for CJD is not easy as Physicians often make a presumptive diagnosis of CJD using typical signs, symptoms and progression of the disease. Testing of the cerebrospinal fluid can indicate CJD; however, a confirmed diagnosis of CJD requires testing of brain tissue obtained either at biopsy or autopsy Source 6