Rabies Pre-exposure Vaccination and Titers for Veterinarians.

Rabies exposure is an occupational hazard for the veterinary healthcare team, and preventive measures are necessary to protect personnel. Pre-exposure rabies vaccination provides additional protection for at-risk veterinarians, vet techs and other staff, but does not replace good preventive measures such as personal protective equipment, and safe animal and specimen handling procedures. Veterinarians and veterinary support staff are in the frequent-risk group with regard to rabies exposure and should be administered pre-exposure rabies vaccinations, according to the recommendations of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). According to the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians’ Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary Personnel, all staff with animal contact must be vaccinated against rabies, followed by periodic titer checks and rabies vaccine boosters, in accordance with the ACIP recommendations. Benefits of pre-exposure rabies vaccination for the veterinary team Pre-exposure rabies vaccination does not eliminate the need for additional treatment after a rabies exposure, but it eliminates the need for post-exposure rabies immunoglobulin administration and decreases the number of post-exposure doses of vaccine needed. Pre-exposure prophylaxis may also provide protection if post-exposure rabies treatment is delayed or if rabies exposure is

ASF poses ‘very serious risk’ to Denmark

ASF poses ‘very serious risk’ to Denmark: African swine fever (ASF) is a pig farmer’s worst nightmare and as the virus rages in Poland, experts warn even a small outbreak could cost Denmark’s pork industry around €300m in losses.

The agriculture daily.

The Agriculture daily is out!!!! It features news about agriculture,agritech,veterinary medicine more

How One Company is Defeating Obesity with 3D Printing-Based Bariatric Procedures.

BioSculpture Technology, a company led by New York Downtown Hospitals and the Presbyterian New York affiliated plastic surgeon Robert Cucin, recently revealed that the 3D printing technology has allowed the firm to develop an innovative line of surgical instruments for obesity treatment. Liposuction, a surgical procedure that involves the removal of excess fat deposits in various body parts, is currently the most widely utilized method for patients suffering from obesity. In fact, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) estimates that the number of liposuction procedures has increased by over 16%, recording an all time high at 396,048 procedures performed in 2015. ASAPS president Dr. Jack Fisher stated that the increase in liposuction procedures is directly attributable to the emergence of innovative technologies such as 3D printing that have successfully reduced the invasiveness of liposuction. BioSculpture Technology is one of the several companies that is currently experimenting with technologies like 3D printing to allow patients to undergo safer and optimal bariatric procedures.For most surgical procedures, the duration, process and overall efficiency are heavily dependent on the build quality and capacity of surgical instruments. If surgeons are provided with medical equipment that is custom-built and designed for certain procedures, it significantly decreases the duration of the operation and poses less risk to the patient. According to Dr. Cucin, most manufacturers and surgical equipment developers disregard the importance of creating exact replicas of human organ structures. Without the formation of accurate and precise models of body parts that are affected during a liposuction procedure, it is extremely difficult to design equipment for certain phases of the operations.continue

Climate change impairs survival instincts of fish.

Climate change impairs survival instincts of fish and can make them swim towards predators. A paper by marine biologists at the University of Exeter shows that climate change is disrupting the sensory systems of fish and can even make them swim towards predators, instead of away from them. According to a paper published in the journal Global Change Biology by Dr Robert Ellis and Dr Rod Wilson, climate-change marine biologists at Exeter University, these abnormal behaviours have been linked to the effect of CO2 on how the brain processes signals from sensory organs. Research into the impact of rising CO2 has shown it can disrupt the senses of fish including their smell, hearing and vision. High CO2 levels can impair the way they behave, including making them swim towards predator smells instead of away and even ignoring the sounds that normally deter them from risky habitats. CO2 levels are predicted to be 2.5 times higher in the oceans by the end of this century. In their paper, Lessons from two high CO2 worlds: future oceans and intensive aquaculture, Dr. Ellis and Dr. Wilson, alongside a colleague from Chile (Dr. Urbina), show that farmed fish often live in CO2 conditions 10 times higher than their wild cousins. The scientists believe that further study of farmed fish -- which already provides as much seafood for human consumption as that caught in the wild -- may be crucial for understanding how aquatic species will evolve to climate change. Aquaculture may provide an 'accidental' long-term experiment that can help climate-change predictions," said Dr. Ellis. "There is the enticing possibility that fish and shellfish previously grown in high CO2 aquaculture conditions over multiple generations can offer valuable insights regarding the potential for aquatic animals in the wild to adapt to the predicted further increases in CO2. The aquaculture industry may also benefit from what the climate change scientists study too. The abnormal behaviour seen in wild fish may not matter in farmed fish, as they are provided with abundant food and shelter and they have no predators to avoid. But while extremely high CO2 can reduce digestion efficiency in cod, recent research suggests that relatively small increases in CO2 may actually act as a growth stimulant in some fish.

The impact of diet on phosphorus footprint.

The impact of our dietary choices on the global phosphorus footprint shouldn't be neglected, according to recent research in Frontiers in Nutrition. A shift towards a plant-based diet may be an undervalued solution toward decreasing our environmental impact and attaining phosphorus sustainability. Phosphorus is an element essential for all living beings and is thus critical in food production. Mined phosphate rock is a non-renewable global resource that is nowadays becoming increasingly scarce which poses a severe problem to the farming industry: it needs phosphorus in the form of fertilizers to sustain crop productivity. Crops have two entries into the human food chain: direct consumption or indirect consumption by rearing animals which can be converted to human food. Different food types therefore require different amounts of phosphorus in their production. One kg of phosphorus can for example be used to either produce 3333 kg of starch roots (e.g. potatoes) or 16 kg of beef. The loss of phosphorus to waterways, whether from agricultural fields through runoff or urban sewage through human excreta, can cause severe water quality degradation. This leads to eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and impairment of our drinking water, recreational areas, and fisheries. As the human population increases, our long-term food security and water quality are therefore threatened by the increased demand for phosphorus fertilizers. The research focused around calculating the phosphorus footprint based on the effect of Australian city residents shifting their diet towards a plant-based diet which is the amount of phosphorus mined to support one's diet. Using food intake data from the 2011 National Nutrition Survey, they calculated the citizens' total consumption of different food groups and their associated average phosphorus fertilizer required to produce these foods. To estimate the effect of a switch to a plant-based diet, they converted the meat, dairy, eggs, and seafood food groups to pulses (i.e. beans or legumes). Their calculations showed that a shift towards a plant-based diet would lead to a small increase of 8% in phosphorus excreted by the city residents. A big effect, on the other hand, was found when looking at the change in the residents' phosphorus footprint: a decrease of 72%.The scientists therefore concluded that changing towards a plant-based diet is of significant effect for reducing mined phosphorus, and of relative insignificance for changing the phosphorus content of excreta. Diet choices are thus important in how much impact humans have on their environment.

Elephant Poaching Hurting African Tourism.

The African elephant poaching crisis is not only bad for elephants, it’s bad for tourism, according to a new study. Writing in the journal Nature Communications, researchers from the University of Vermont, the World Wildlife Fund and the University of Cambridge say poaching the majestic beasts costs African countries about $25 million in tourism revenue. "While there have always been strong moral and ethical reasons for conserving elephants, not everyone shares this viewpoint. Our research now shows that investing in elephant conservation is actually smart economic policy for many African countries," said Dr. Robin Naidoo, lead wildlife scientist at WWF and lead author on the study.continue