Wednesday, September 21, 2016

Gamifying my practice.

The game world has taken over all major facets of the economy,with more professionals bringing fun and games to table to solve problems. Games aside from taking the stress of work off you, it creates an avenue to look at the problem on a different level and envision the solution in a fun and relaxed atmosphere. The game shaking practice has evolved, play now

Flat faced dogs and associated health risks.

Dog lovers should refrain from buying animals with flat-faced features, because they are prone to a lot of health problems. Dog lovers are shifting to breeds such as pugs, bulldogs, shih-tzus and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels because they consider them cute and fashionable ,not considering that these dogs often suffer from a wide range of health problems. The common problems are eye ulcers and severe breathing difficulties which usually result in a lot of suffering for the animals and emotional torture for the owners. These flat faced breeds are usually abandoned by some owners when they can no longer bear the weight.The pugs and bull dogs are super sensitive to the slightest changes in temperature and other environmental factors.The sniffling and constant sneezes of pugs can be annoying,likewise the huffing and puffing of the bulldogs makes you feel so sad as every breath is a struggle. These flat faced dogs need extra care especially in cases of anesthesia before surgery, though they are cute their health issues are not appealing at all. This is how a client lost her bulldog in a jiffy; she had gone to visit a friend and she left her dogs in the car. She had an Alsatian and a bulldog in the car with the windows down and it was early in the morning after gym, when she came back 45 minutes later,the bull dog was dead. The British veterinary association warns ,A pug in the clinic today

Penguins die following malaria attack.

The Wiltshire attraction has announced that 24 Humboldt penguins passed away due to an outbreak of Avian Malaria in the colony.The disease was passed on by a mosquito,Avian Malaria has chronic side affects and "heartbroken" zookeepers are battling hard to save the remaining ten birds. The Humboldt penguin is originally from South America, with the breed normally found around coastal areas of Peru and Chile.Darren Beasley Head of Animal Operations at the safari park says it's a difficult time for all concerned: "Although our penguins are a tough bunch this has subsequently led to problems with the remaining group, leading to a very distressing time for everyone involved in their care. Our team of keepers are absolutely devastated - they have looked after the penguins each and every day, with most of the penguins having been hand-reared by the team since hatching." "Despite the best efforts of our team and with expert advice from other collections around the country who have previously experienced the same tragedy, we have still been unable to save a large amount of these incredible and popular aquatic birds." more

Genetically engineered bacteria prevent mosquitoes from transmitting malaria.

According to a study published by PNAS,the genetically engineered bacteria were 98 percent effective in reducing the malaria parasite burden in mosquitoes. The study shows that genetically modified bacterium commonly found in the mosquito's midgut, this parasite that causes malaria in people does not survive in mosquitoes carrying the modified bacterium. The bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans, was modified to secrete proteins toxic to the malaria parasite, but the toxins do not harm the mosquito or humans. The aim of the study is to prevent the mosquito from spreading malaria to people,malaria kills over 800,000 people every year many of which are children. The genetically engineered P. agglomerans strains inhibited development of the deadliest human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei by up to 98 percent within the mosquito. The proportion of mosquitoes carrying parasites (prevalence) decreased by up to 84 percent.

Why mosquitoes prefer to bite humans.

A study published in the PLOS Genetics shows that mosquitoes show a preference for humans because of a chromosomal arrangement,so if the genetic basis of bite is eliminated or transferred to other breeds than the scourge of malaria will be erased. The rates of malaria transmission depend on whether mosquitoes bite humans or animals, and whether they rest after that meal in an area where they will encounter pesticides. Anopheles arabiensis,the species of mosquito the primary vector of malaria in east Africa due to its broader host range and the frequent use of pesticide-treated bed nets, which kill other species that live closely with humans. The use of population genomics has established an association between human feeding and a specific chromosomal rearrangement in the major east African malaria vector. The use of genetics to better understand and track mosquito behavior will improve local control strategies and this knowledge will also promote the elimination of malaria's spread, such as genetically modifying mosquitoes to prefer cattle over people. The researchers sequenced the genomes of 23 human-fed and 25 cattle-fed mosquitoes collected indoors and outdoors from the Kilobero Valley in Tanzania. They identified a genetic component that contributes to the mosquito's host choice but not its choice of resting place.

Tuesday, September 20, 2016

The war on routine use of antibiotics in food animals moves to eateries .

The threat of antibiotic resistance is so real, world leaders are meeting and deliberating on ways to stop the routine use of antibiotics in farm animals to ensure food safety alongside protect public health and animal welfare as well. The risks associated with routine use of antibiotics during production is a major source of concern because of the myriad of problems linked to this practice, consumers are on the list of those advocating the ban of antibiotics . Roughly 80% of the antibiotics sold in the United States are used on animals, the Natural Resources Defense Council noted, explaining that the drugs are frequently used to increase growth in animals and help them survive in dirty, crowded conditions. An annual Chain Reaction report scored Starbucks and Dunkin' Donuts Fs , a collaboration between groups including the Consumers Union (a division of Consumer Reports) and the Center for Food Safety. The report details the use of antibiotic-free meat and poultry at 25 top chain restaurants. Other restaurants that received Fs included Chili's, Domino's, Olive Garden, Applebee's, Denny's, KFC and IHOP. The report notes that Starbucks and Dunkin' Donuts do not serve any meat produced without routine use of antibiotics and were not fully transparent about their practices.When animals are giving low-level doses day after day culminates in high doses of these drugs in animal tissue ,these intensive use of antibiotics in animal agriculture is a key culprit in the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections in humans, posing a serious threat to human health. Consumers are willing to pay more for antibiotic-free meat, according to investigation of poultry prices in Denmark after the ban of antibiotics revealed that farmers experienced no net cost changes because the price of extra livestock feed was cushioned by the savings from not purchasing antibiotics.Read

Monday, September 19, 2016

Emerging pathogens in meat and poultry.

Meat and poultry are among the leading vehicles for foodborne illnesses around the world and are responsible for sickening million of people worldwide.Outbreaks from foodborne diseases are widely reported and are responsible for several recalls in several countries. 

 These pathogens cause these infections are typically zoonotic and can be introduced at any point along the food chain,starting from when the animal is raised, to the day of slaughter and beyond, up to the processing to consumption. 

 A significant number of pathogens can be transmitted to humans through meat and poultry, and the risks have changed over time. The public health threat posed by some pathogens has diminished, while others have persisted for decades.


 New, often more virulent strains of existing disease agents continue to emerge, along with previously unknown pathogens such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) while some emerging pathogens, such as E. coli O157:H7, have eventually developed into major food safety concerns. 

 The food safety measures to allay public health concerns must be adaptable systems that are able to detect, assess, and control both emerging and established risks. continue

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